When do experts think human-level AI will be created?

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On the whole, experts think human-level AI is likely to arrive in your lifetime.

It’s hard to precisely predict the amount of time until human-level AI.¹ Approaches include aggregate predictions, individual predictions, and detailed modeling.

Aggregate predictions:

AI Impacts’ 2022 survey of 738 machine learning researchers produced an aggregate forecast of 50% by 2059.
As of June 2024, Metaculus² has a median forecast of 2031 for “the first general AI system” and a median forecast of 2027 for “weakly general AI”. Both these timeline forecasts have been shortening over time.
This website combines predictions from different forecasting platforms into a single (possibly inconsistent) timeline of events.
In January 2023, Samotsvety’s forecasters estimated 50% probability of AGI by 2041 with a standard deviation of 9 years.

Individual predictions:

In a 2023 discussion, Daniel Kokotajlo, Ajeya Cotra and Ege Erdil shared their timelines to Transformative AI. Their medians were 2027, 2036 and 2073 respectively.
Paul Christiano, head of the US AI Safety Institute, estimated in 2023 that there was a 30% chance of transformative AI by 2033.
Yoshua Bengio, Turing Award winner, estimated “a 95% confidence interval for the time horizon of superhuman intelligence at 5 to 20 years” in 2023.
Geoffrey Hinton, the most cited AI scientist, also predicted 5-20 years in 2023, but his confidence is lower.
Shane Legg, co-founder of DeepMind, estimated a probability of 80% within 13 years (before 2037) in 2023.
Yann LeCun, Chief AI Scientist at Meta, thinks reaching human-level AI “will take several years if not a decade. [...] But I think the distribution has a long tail: it could take much longer than that.”
Leopold Aschenbrenner, an AI researcher formerly at OpenAI, predicted in 2024 that AGI happening around 2027 was strikingly plausible.
Connor Leahy, CEO of Conjecture, gave a ballpark prediction in 2022 of a 50% chance of AGI by 2030, 99% by 2100. A 2023 survey of employees at Conjecture found that all of the respondents expected AGI before 2035.
Holden Karnofsky, co-founder of Give-Well, estimated in 2021 that there was “more than a 10% chance we'll see transformative AI within 15 years (by 2036); a ~50% chance we'll see it within 40 years (by 2060); and a ~⅔ chance we'll see it this century (by 2100).”

Models:

A report by Ajeya Cotra for Open Philanthropy estimated the arrival of transformative AI (TAI) based on “biological anchors”.³ In the 2020 version of the report, she predicted a 50% chance by 2050, but in light of AI developments over the next two years, she updated her estimate in 2022 to predict a 50% chance by 2040, a decade sooner.
Matthew Barnett created a model based on the “direct approach” of extrapolating training loss that as of Q2 2024 outputs a median estimate of transformative AI around 2053⁴.

These forecasts are speculative,⁵ depend on various assumptions, predict different things (e.g., transformative versus human-level AI), and are subject to selection bias both in the choice of surveys and the choice of participants in each survey.⁶ However, they broadly agree that human-level AI is plausible within the lifetimes of most people alive today. What’s more, these forecasts generally seem to have been getting shorter over time.⁷